This domain is divided into three sub-domains which are graph theory, topology, and geometry.
Graph Theory Sub-domain: In mathematics and computer science, it is a study of the graphs’ properties; mathematical structure used to model the relationship between objects in an environment. The “graph” in this context is considered as a set of corners and sides that connects both pairs of corners. They play a vital role in computer science, data science, social network analysis, engineering, chemistry, and others.
Topology Sub-domain: Topology is a main branch of mathematics that studies the unchanged properties of the diagrams due to the curves, stretchers, etc. It merges with the development of geometric concepts and set theories such as dimension, space, and embodiment. The latest and recent topology uses are analyzing data known as Topology of Data Analytics (TAD/TDA).
Geometry Sub-domain: There are two aspects to consider in this domain which are representations and geometric manipulations such as dots, lines, curves, and surfaces. Computer-Helped Design (CAD) packages and computer graphics emphasize the creation of new algorithms. The curves and surface representations are not limited to Bézier and B-splines curves only. Thus, it involves various trigonometric and transcendental functions in creating aesthetic curves and surfaces.